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Analyses: Large language models and the Danish labour market

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models are spreading rapidly. The most prominent example is ChatGPT, which gathered more than 100 million active users within two months. This type of generative AI has the potential to change the way people work, creating opportunities for innovation and productivity gains. However, the opportunities and challenges will most likely be unequally distributed across the workforce., This analysis explores the unequal economic impact of large language models (LLMs) on the Danish Labour Market. The analysis uses the so-called AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) scores from a study of the American labour market and merges these scores with administrative data from Statistics Denmark. The AIOE scores reflect the relatedness between AI applications and human abilities connected to different occupations. Thus, the scores express potential economic impact of AI applications across occupations through either labour-augmenting or labour-displacing effects., Main conclusions:, Occupations dominated by cognitive routine tasks have the highest potential to change through large language models. , Legal Professionals, is the occupation with the highest LLM score. The occupation with the lowest score is , Painters, building structure cleaners & related trades worker, ., Economic activities influenced by cognitive abilities have higher LLM scores than activities dominated by physical tasks. The activity with the highest LLM score is , Higher Education, . The activity with the lowest score is , Building completion and finishing, ., Employed females altogether have more potential to apply large language models than employed males. However, within , Human Health & Social Work activities, women have a slightly lower LLM score than males., Employees with high personal yearly income generally have more potential to use and take advantage of large language models than employees with lower income.,  , The analysis is available in Danish here: , Store sprogmodeller og det danske arbejdsmarked,   , Get as pdf, Large language models and the Danish labour market, Colophone, Large language models and the Danish labour market, Subject group: Labour and income, Released: 8 February 2024 08:00, No. 2024:2, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:

Analysis

Analyses: How big are Danish exports and who are our main trading partners?

In recent decades it has become more common to produce goods across national borders. Increasing globalisation challenges our understanding of what a country's exports encompass and what different statistical measures of exports show., Previously, different export statistics provided a fairly similar picture of Denmark’s exports and trading partners. However, an increasing proportion of Danish exported goods never crosses Danish borders, and that has resulted in increasing differences across the various export statistics. This analysis describes Danish exports and trading partners, based on the different export statistics., Main conclusions:, Danish exports in goods are largest when measured in Denmark’s balance of payments, where the sale of goods that have never crossed Danish borders are included as exports. Today, around a sixth of the total Danish export of goods takes place outside of Danish borders., Only goods which have crossed the Danish border are classified as exports in the international trade in goods statistics which implies that the export of goods appears lower here than in the balance of payments., Exports appear lowest when measured by Danish value added, as these calculations discount the value of the imports included in the production of the exported goods and services. Estimates from an Input-Output model in Statistics Denmark suggest that imported contents in exported goods and services constitute nearly half of the total value. , Regardless of the type of export statistics, Germany is Denmark’s most important export market., On the basis of goods which cross the Danish border, the US is Denmark’s sixth largest export market. When goods sold outside Denmark’s border are taken into account, the US is Denmark’s third largest export market., Looking at the final markets for the part of exports resulting from production in Denmark the US is the second largest export market as measured by Danish value added according to estimates in an OECD international Input-Output model., Get as pdf, How big are Danish exports and who are our main trading partners?, Colophone, How big are Danish exports and who are our main trading partners?, Subject group: Economy, Released: 5 March 2018 08:00, No. 2018:4, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Mads Møller Liedig, Telephone: +45 40 12 97 72

Analysis

Analyses: Who uses weight loss medicines in Denmark?

In 2023, 117,500 adults redeemed a prescription for a weight loss medicine. This corresponds to 2.4 per cent of the adult population. Weight loss medicines are mainly targeted at people with a BMI of at least 30, but what else characterises the users?, This analysis takes a closer look at the users of weight loss medicines, with a special focus on users in the first half of 2023. In the analysis, data on redeemed prescriptions is combined with information from Statistics Denmark’s registers. This allows, among other things, to examine the users’ sex, age, income, and municipality of residence.,  , Main conclusions:, The number and proportion of adults who have redeemed at least one prescription for weight loss medicines has increased significantly from 15,200 (0.3 per cent) in 2021 to 27,800 (0.6 per cent) in 2022 and 117,500 (2.4 per cent) in 2023. However, the number is still lower than 25 years ago when 131,100 adults (3.1 per cent) used weight loss medicines., The proportion of users of weight loss medicines is higher for women in all years. In the first half of 2023, 72 per cent of the users were women and 28 per cent were men., The proportion of users was highest in the age group of 50-59-year-olds (3.2 per cent) and lowest in the age group of 80-year-olds and older (0.1 per cent)., The proportion of users of weight loss medicines increases with income. In the first half of 2023, 1.6 per cent of the people in the lowest income quintile used weight loss med-icines, while it was about 3.4 per cent of the people in the highest income quintile - when using the equivalised disposable family income among the 30-59-year-olds., There is a difference in the proportion of users of weight loss medicines across municipalities. The highest proportion of users was in Tårnby (2.9 per cent), while the lowest proportion was in Læsø (0.8 per cent)., Gentofte municipality had the highest proportion of users of weight loss medicines in the first part of 2023 when the proportion is related to people with self-reported obesity in 2021. In Gentofte, there were 24.5 users of weight loss medicines per 100 people liv-ing with obesity, while in Læsø, there were 2.9 users per 100 people living with obesity.,  , The analysis is available in Danish here: , Hvem bruger slankelægemidler?, Get as pdf, Who uses weight loss medicines in Denmark?, Colophone, Who uses weight loss medicines in Denmark?, Subject group: People, Released: 6 May 2024 08:00, No. 2024:3, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Emilie Rune Hegelund, Telephone: +45 20 56 47 11

Analysis

Publication: International Sourcing - Moving Business Functions Abroad

Publikationen tegner et billede af outsourcing i Danmark, Sverige, Norge, Finland og Holland fra 2001 til 2006., Hvad er outsourcing?, Outsourcing er hel eller delvis udflytning af forretningsaktiviteter (kerne- eller hjælpefunktioner), der i udgangspunktet udføres internt i virksomheden. , Outsourcing kan foregå til selskaber inden for samme koncern eller til andre (eksterne) virksomheder, der kan være lokaliseret i Danmark eller i udlandet., Hver femte danske virksomhed outsourcer til udlandet, Det fremgår af publikationen, at Danmark er i front med outsourcing til udlandet. , 19 pct. af de danske virksomheder med 50 ansatte eller derover har outsourcet til udlandet i perioden 2001-2006. Det tilsvarende tal for finske virksomheder er 16 pct., norske 14 pct., hollandske 14 pct. og svenske virksomheder 4 pct., Publikationen kommer ind på bl.a.:, motiverende faktorer for sourcing, barrierer for sourcing, destinationer for outsourcing, tab af job, kernefunktioner (produktion mv.), støttefunktioner (it, forskning og udvikling mv.), forventninger til fremtidig international sourcing., Læs konklusioner fra publikationen i , Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik, ., International undersøgelse, Den danske del af undersøgelsen er baseret på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt virksomheder, der repræsenterer næsten 60 pct. af den samlede beskæftigelse i de private byerhverv., Undersøgelsen indgår i et større projekt i Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet om danske virksomheders outsourcing. , Undersøgelsen er samtidig en del af en fælles europæisk undersøgelse, der er medfinansieret af Eurostat og gennemført af 14 nationale statistikkontorer., Danmarks Statistik har koordineret dels selve EU-undersøgelsen og dels den fælles publikation med de statistiske kontorer i Finland, Holland, Norge og Sverige., Få flere oplysninger om undersøgelsen på , www.dst.dk/globalisering, ., Get as pdf, Hele publikationen, Colophone, International Sourcing - Moving Business Functions Abroad, Business, ISBN: 978-87-501-1695-0, Released: 10 June 2008 09:30, No of pages: 89, Contact info:, Peter Bøegh, Phone: +45 41 10 31 41

Publication

Publication: Danish GDP and GNI, Sources and methods 2012

The publication describes in detail the sources and methods used for the compilation of gross domestic product, GDP, and gross national income, GNI. It replaces the previous documentation “Danish National Accounts – Sources and Methods 2003” from 2007. With the new documentation the description of sources and methods is brought up to date and reflects the current compilation methods, international guidelines (ESA2010) and classifications. The publication follows a common structure used by all EU member states and is available in English only., The documentation uses 2012 as a reference year, but the descriptions relate to the sources and methods generally used in the compilation of final GDP., Final GDP is compiled at the most detailed level using all available relevant sources for describing the economic activity within the national accounts framework. Examples are account statistics for private enterprises, government finance statistics, household budget survey and foreign trade statistics. In order to fit all this information into one figure – GDP – an extensive amount of adjustment must be made. Also, confronting data at the detailed level reveals inconsistencies in the sources that must be overcome. In the Danish national accounts this confrontation of data takes place in the Supply-use tables which contains 2 350 products and 117 industries., As a supplement to the description in the publication, the process from primary statistics to final GDP is also presented in a schematic form – the so-called , process tables, ., Get as pdf, Danish GDP and GNI, Sources and methods - 2012, Title, colophone, preface and content, Chapt. 1 Overview of the system of assounts, Chapt. 2 The revisions policy and the timetable for revising and finalizing the estimates, Chapt. 3 The production approach, Chapt. 4 The Income Approach, Chapt. 5 The expenditure approach, Chapt. 6 The balancing or integration procedure and validating the estimates, Chapt. 7 Overview of the allowance for exhaustiveness, Chapt. 8 The transition from GDP to GNI, Chapt. 9 Main classifications used, Chapt. 10 Main data sources used, Annex, Colophone, Danish GDP and GNI, Sources and methods, Economy, ISBN pdf: 987-87-501-2229-6, Released: 15 August 2016 09:00, No of pages: 287, Contact info:, Annette Thomsen, Phone: +45 22 16 62 51

Publication

Publication: ICT usage in households and by individuals - EU benchmark 2016

This publication describes Europeans’ use of ICT in a broad perspective based on responses from a representative sample of citizens in Denmark and other EU Member States in 2016. Data was collected using a harmonised questionnaire that enables comparisons across countries., The survey describes the use of internet in general, including access to internet, use of e-commerce, social media, use of internet banking as well as online self-service. Various questions on ICT security and protection of personal infor­mation are dealt with in the last section of the publication., The statistics confirm the conclusion reached in other studies; Denmark is still among the EU front-runners in terms of ICT usage by citizens. This applies to e.g. online self-service, online shopping, use of internet banking and social net­working services., Highlights from this year’s survey:, Danes often , shop , on the , internet , At 83 per cent, the United Kingdom has the largest percentage of people who shop online, closely followed by Denmark in second place at 82 per cent. Online shopping in the EU is generally more common among men. The situation in Denmark is opposite. Danish women have overtaken men in shopping online., Danes best in the EU, at online self-service, Denmark leads the EU with regard to online self-service. A total of 88 per cent of Danes have visited public-authority websites, against the European average of 48 per cent for EU citizens. The percentage of Danes who submit completed forms to public authorities has doubled since 2008., 53m Europeans have never been online, 14 per cent of Europeans aged 16-74 are not online. This corresponds to around 53 million people.71 per cent of EU citizens are on the internet daily. The figure is 89 per cent in Denmark. Denmark is one of the countries with the lowest share of people who are never on the internet (2 per cent)., This publication is based on information in the survey of ICT usage in households and by individuals 2016. The survey is based on a common EU questionnaire (ICT usage by individuals and in households 2016)., Get as pdf, ICT usage in households and by individuals - EU benchmark report 2016, Colophone, ICT usage in households and by individuals - EU benchmark , Culture and leisure, ISBN pdf: 978-87-501-2258-6, Released: 1 June 2017 09:00, No of pages: 43, Contact info:, Agnes Tassy, Phone: +45 24 81 48 78

Publication

Publication: Agriculture and Danish farm returns through 100 years 1916-2015

Since the first farm returns were reported for statistical purposes for the , financial year 1916-17, , Danish agriculture has lived through quite a few things., In the first year of the statistics, World War I implied that the countries at war experienced increased demand for e.g. food. As a result, Denmark, which did not participate in the war, was able to sell agricultural products at high prices. By contrast, it was difficult to export in the years of recession in the 1930s and it was necessary to implement emergency farm aid, e.g. in order to reduce high levels of debt.,      2. World War II boosted the technological development and, in the post-war years, horses were ,      increasingly replaced by engine power., When Denmark became a member of the EEC in 1973, new demands were made on the agricultural accounts in the statistics, which were to conform to the same method as that of the other member countries. With the book , Agriculture and Danish farm returns through 100 years,, Statistics Denmark gives the reader an insight into Danish agriculture and its development, in particular in the 20th century., The publication includes e.g.:, Mechanisation and specialisation of the agricultural sector, which has experienced soaring productivity., Accounting figures for 100 years, which show e.g. the development in gross output, operating costs, economic indicators, capital and debts., The preparation of the statistics has undergone method changes, increased the level of detail and, as a result, it has become more applicable in research., Moreover, the table, JORD100, has been added to Statbank.dk to mark the centennial year for the agricultural accounts., Here you can extract accounting figures for agriculture back to 1916 and up to 2015, , which is the last stated year with accounts statistics for agriculture, (only in Danish).,  , Get as pdf, Agriculture and Danish farm returns through 100 years, Colophone, Agriculture and Danish farm returns through 100 years, Business, ISBN pdf: 978-87-501-2279-1, Released: 28 September 2017 09:00, No of pages: 59, Contact info:, Henrik Bolding Pedersen, Phone: +45 20 57 88 87

Publication

Linking of additional data

You will find the guide for uploading additional data sets under ‘Use of FSE upload’

https://www.dst.dk/en/TilSalg/data-til-forskning/anmodning-om-data/tilknytning-af-ovrige-data

Documentation of statistics: Home Appliances (Discontinued)

Contact info, Prices and Consumption, Economic Statistics , Zdravka Bosanac , +45 61 15 16 74 , ZBO@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Home Appliances 2023 , Previous versions, Home Appliances 2022, Home Appliances 2020, Home Appliances 2019, Home Appliances 2018, Home Appliances 2017, Home Appliances 2016, Home Appliances 2015, These statistics shows Danish families' possession of electronics in the household. New electronic products are constantly being developed, which over time become commonplace in Danish homes. The products in the statistics are replaced on an ongoing basis, so that new ones are included, while others are removed as they have become commonplace, e.g. smart TV. The survey has been compiled since 1990 and the statistics have been comparable ever since. Before 2000, the surveys were conducted in October. Since 2001, data are collected in April., Statistical presentation, These statistics are an annual survey of how many percent of Danish families who possess different types of electronics, e.g. robot vacuum cleaners, smart TV and smart phones etc. , Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, For the time being the sample of an omnibus survey consists of 1,500 persons, drawn from a population of persons aged 16-74 residing in Denmark., As it is not possible to interview all 1,500 persons, each completed interview is given a personal weight, which corrects the effects of non-sampling and non-response (including no telephone) and ensures that the results cover the whole population in the sample. , However, the questions on home appliances do not concern the individual person, but the family he/she is living with. For that reason the answers are given a family weight, which ensures that the families with different numbers of persons aged 16 years or over are represented in the sample with varying probability. A family is defined as one or several persons between 16 and 74 years who live in the same accommodation and are related (includes also cohabiting couples) and their children, though there can only be one married or cohabiting couple in the family. The sum of the family weight for all completed interviews, gives the number of families in Denmark that have persons aged between 16 and 74 years., In the frame of data validation the check of the data correctness is conducted by checking the consistency of the responses by every single respondent, comparison of the results with the results of the previous year, as well as comparison of the non-response rate are also undertaken., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The press use the information to inform about developments in home appliances., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, As the results are based on a sample survey, they are subject to a certain degree of statistical uncertainty. This depends on both the size of the sample and the number of completed interviews, which vary from survey to survey. With a sample of approximately 1,500 persons and a response rate of about 65 pct., which has normally been achieved in the last few years, the statistical uncertainty is in 95 pct. of the cases estimated to range between +/- 3 percentage points., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, There is no difference between planned and actual release time., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The number and nature of the electronic products, that are included in the studies are replaced along the way, so that new products that - especially as a result of technological development - become interesting are added. Products that have become common property in almost every family are discontinued. Therefore comparison over longer periods some times could be difficult., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, These statistics are published in a Danish press release and in the StatBank under , Home appliances, ., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/home-appliances---discontinued-

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Labour Usage in Social Care (Discontinued)

Contact info, Personal Finances and welfare, Social Statistics. , Birgitte Lundstrøm , bls@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Labour Usage in Social Care 2019 , Previous versions, Labour Usage in Social Care 2018, Labour Usage in Social Care 2017, Labour Usage in Social Care 2016, Labour Usage in Social Care 2015, Labour Usage in Social Care 2014, The purpose of the statistics is to describes the staff working with nursing and care in the municipal and regional sectors and the staff working in municipal dental care and health care. The statistics are used to describe the number of employees by budget accounts from the authorized budget plan for municipalities and regions and by different kinds of occupation groups. The statistics have been compiled since 2008, but are revised in 2016. Data from 2016 and forward are not comparable to previous data. Further more the authorized budget plan has been revised in 2018. Some data are consequently not comparable to previous years., Statistical presentation, The statistics are a yearly measurement of municipal and regional staff working with nursing and care and the staff working in municipal dental care and health care. The statistics are based on information covering February only and measure the number of fulltime employees working with municipal and regional nursing and care and municipal dental care and health care. The number of fulltime employees are grouped by municipalities, regions, occupation and the authorized budget plan used by municipalities and regions., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The statistics are based on data for February reported to the statistics of earnings for the municipal sector. Based on the authorized budget plan for municipalities and regions, institutions from the selected budget accounts, are selected. The number of fulltime employees are calculated on basis of the employees actual hours worked. The number of fulltime employees are summarized and grouped by municipalities, regions, budget accounts and selected occupations. A certain check is made concerning whether the institutions are connected to the right budget accounts and whether the occupation of the employees are considered to be correct., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, These statistics are relevant for ministries, organizations and the public in general for planning and analysis purposes. , Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The data are associated with some uncertainty. This is primarily due uncertainty concerning connection of institutions and employees to budget accounts and connection of occupations to employees. This might cause variations over time in number of fulltime employees for the country as a whole and within municipalities. This is the case for both the total figures and when data are grouped by budget accounts and occupations. , Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, These statistics are published around 10 months after the end of the reference period. Publications are released on time, as stated in the release calendar. , Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The statistics have been compiled since 2008, but is revised in 2016. Consequently data for 2016 and forward are not directly comparable to data published in previous years. The authorized budget plan for municipalities and regions is revised in 2018. Consequently some data for 2018 are not comparable to previous years. Other countries might publish similar statistics. The authorized budget plan for municipalities and regions that is used to select the relevant employees is however unique to Denmark. , Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistics are published in the StatBank and can be found under the subject , Staff working with municipal and regional nursing and care, ., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/labour-usage-in-social-care--discontinued-

Documentation of statistics