Statistical processing

Source data

• Questionnaires
• Danish Business Authority
• The Central Customs and Tax Administration (SKAT)
• The business register
• The Danish Medicines Agency (pharmacy accounts)

The questionnaires are obtained via online reporting of a questionnaire that complies as far as possible with the Danish Financial Statements Act. Most enterprises have a fiscal year following the calendar year. Some enterprises have skewed accounting periods, so that accounts closed throughout the period May 1 of the reference year (t) through April 30 of the following year (year t + 1).

From SKAT, accounting information is obtained from tax accounts that are not as detailed as the schedule information, but contain a number of main items from the accounts. From the Business Register in Statistics Denmark, basic information about the enterprises is obtained, such as industry, form of business, VAT turnover and employment. The Danish Medicines Agency provides full accounts for all pharmacies in Denmark. This accounting information differs in certain items from the breakdown on the Statistics Denmark questionnaire, but is adjusted to this discretion. The Danish Business Authority receives official financial statements in XBRL format, which are used for both the preliminary and final figures, as well as for troubleshooting the other sources.

Frequency of data collection

Data are collected annually.

Data collection

Information is obtained directly from a sample of enterprises using online reporting to Statistics Denmark (or information is extracted from specified accounts that the companies submit). The questionnaire follows the Danish Financial Statements Act as much as possible.

Online form and instructions can be found on the information page.

Data validation

The scope and methods of data validation depend on the source: A) Information from Statistics Denmark is obtained directly from the enterprises by means of online reporting from the enterprises included in the sample. The questionnaire follows as closely as possible the Danish Financial Statements Act, and the information obtained undergoes a systematic troubleshooting in Statistics Denmark. In the process of troubleshooting the information, an automatic debugging system has been set up to report errors if the internal consistency that must be in an accounting is not met. In addition, the debugging system notifies you if there is any information that seems unlikely when compared with any. previously submitted information or information from other enterprises in the same stratum (ownership type / industry / size group). This error or unlikely information is checked and corrected, possibly. by contacting the enterprise. For these enterprises, the accounting information must be considered very reliable, and this group accounted for 79 per cent in 2022 of total revenue and 65 per cent. of the total liabilities (including the enterprises in B below).

B) All Danish pharmacies submit accounting information to the Danish Medicines Agency, which sends Statistics Denmark copies thereof. This data is debugged very little.

C) The accounting information provided by SKAT is not as detailed as on the questionnaires. Initially, the accounting items from SKAT are considered reliable as they are used in connection with the tax assessment. The data is debugged overall, for example compared to other sources and previous years, accounts that are considered unlikely are omitted from the statistics. The enterprises covered in the statistics by the information from SKAT in 2022 accounted for 10 per cent. of total revenue and 2 per cent. of total liabilities.

D) The accounting information provided by the Danish Business Agency in XBRL format is also not as detailed as on the questionnaires. In principle, the accounting records of the Danish Business Authority are considered reliable, as they are used in connection with reporting annual accounts to the Danish Business Agency. The data is debugged overall, for example compared to other sources and previous years, accounts that are considered unlikely are omitted from the statistics. In 2022, the enterprises covered by the statistics from the Danish Business Authority accounted for 2 per cent. of total revenue and 29 per cent. of total liabilities.

In connection with the publication of the preliminary figures, a limited data validation is carried out, focusing in particular on the largest and most significant entities. This publication is therefore based on the incoming material for those in the sample, which we have managed to troubleshoot approx. 14 days before the publication of the preliminary accounting statistics. As well as the accounting material received from SKAT and the electronic accounts submitted by enterprises to the Danish Business Authority in XBRL format.

Data compilation

The goal of the data processing is to generate accounting figures corresponding to the level of detail in the questionnaire for each individual company in the population.

From 2019, the statistics are calculated on economic units. The definition of an economic unit is the smallest possible combination of legal entities (CVR numbers) under the same ownership, which is assessed to function as a unified entity. In cases where economic entities consisting of several legal entities, internal trade between the legal entities is eliminated and their accounts are consolidated into one. This means that the turnover for the economic units is slightly lower than the turnover in the individual legal entities, but also more accurate for the real turnover. Does an economic unit consist of legal entities located in different industries, e.g. one in industry and one in wholesale trade, then the economic unit will be placed in one of the branches. Before 2002, they were only a few economic units. If the economic unit consists of only one legal entity, the legal entity functions as the economic unit.

Based on the reported information from the sample, various distribution and ratio figures are generated for each stratum. These are used to calculate missing accounting items for the companies where accounting information from either the Danish Business Authority or the Danish Tax Authority is used. The accounting items obtained from either the Danish Business Authority or the Danish Tax Authority are incorporated , and the remaining missing accounting items from the questionnaire are calculated based on the calculated distribution and ratio figures from the sample. Subsequently, accounting figures per full-time equivalent are calculated for all accounting items in the questionnaire for each stratum.

In addition to the companies required to report, as well as companies that is covered by information from the Danish Business Authority and the Danish Tax Authority, the statistics also include a residual group of companies where only industry code, ownership form, full-time equivalents, VAT turnover, and payroll tax are known. Here, the calculated accounting figures per full-time equivalent for each stratum are used to calculate the accounting items.

All companies will have one or more workplaces registered in the Danish Business Registry. It is therefore possible to estimate the distribution of all companies' accounting figures across workplaces. A company may have workplaces across different industries, and in this statistics, only workplaces within the statistical industry's delimitation are included. In addition to an industry code, a workplace also has a geographical location, including an address. This makes it possible to compile accounting figures for both industries and geographical areas. A company is classified as either non-combined or combined, depending on whether all its workplaces operate within the same industry or across different industries. The distribution of accounting figures at the workplace level is based on standardised estimates—specifically, accounting figures per full-time equivalent—for each industry and ownership group. Each group is defined by a combination of a DB07 industry code and an ownership category. Two ownership categories are used: (1) joint-stock companies, limited liability companies, and cooperative societies.

Standard figures for each group are calculated using accounting and full-time equivalent data from all non-combined companies that operate within the relevant DB07 industry and have the relevant form of ownership. The calculation at the workplace level then depends on the specific context. Below are several examples that illustrate how this works

For companies with one workplace, the company's figures are used directly.

For companies with multiple workplaces in the same industry, the company's figures are distributed across its workplaces in proportion to the workplaces' full-time equivalents.

For companies with workplaces in different industries, there are two different scenarios:

1. If all workplaces' industries are within the statistical industry's delimitation, each workplace is first assigned standard figures based on industry and full-time equivalents. The standard figures are then adjusted proportionally so that they sum up to the company's total figures or to the industry level in cases where the company has reported figures at this level.

2. If at least one of the company's workplaces has an industry outside the statistical industry's delimitation, standard figures are assigned to the workplaces within the statistical industry's delimitation. The standard figures are only adjusted if they together exceed the company's total figures or if they do not sum up to the industry level in cases where the company has reported figures at this level.

The calculated figures at the workplace level should be considered estimates. For combined companies, the method assumes that the individual workplaces, as a starting point, have accounting figures per full-time equivalent that correspond to the average for all non-combined companies in the same ownership form and industry. Only if all workplaces in a combined company have industries within the sectors for which standard figures are available, is it possible to adjust so that the finally assigned figures at the workplace level sum up to the company's total figures.

Adjustment

Not relevant for this statistic.