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Analyses and publications

The analyses from Statistics Denmark highlight correlations across statistical subject areas.

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/nyheder-analyser-publ

Analyses: Large language models and the Danish labour market

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models are spreading rapidly. The most prominent example is ChatGPT, which gathered more than 100 million active users within two months. This type of generative AI has the potential to change the way people work, creating opportunities for innovation and productivity gains. However, the opportunities and challenges will most likely be unequally distributed across the workforce., This analysis explores the unequal economic impact of large language models (LLMs) on the Danish Labour Market. The analysis uses the so-called AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE) scores from a study of the American labour market and merges these scores with administrative data from Statistics Denmark. The AIOE scores reflect the relatedness between AI applications and human abilities connected to different occupations. Thus, the scores express potential economic impact of AI applications across occupations through either labour-augmenting or labour-displacing effects., Main conclusions:, Occupations dominated by cognitive routine tasks have the highest potential to change through large language models. , Legal Professionals, is the occupation with the highest LLM score. The occupation with the lowest score is , Painters, building structure cleaners & related trades worker, ., Economic activities influenced by cognitive abilities have higher LLM scores than activities dominated by physical tasks. The activity with the highest LLM score is , Higher Education, . The activity with the lowest score is , Building completion and finishing, ., Employed females altogether have more potential to apply large language models than employed males. However, within , Human Health & Social Work activities, women have a slightly lower LLM score than males., Employees with high personal yearly income generally have more potential to use and take advantage of large language models than employees with lower income.,  , The analysis is available in Danish here: , Store sprogmodeller og det danske arbejdsmarked,   , Get as pdf, Large language models and the Danish labour market, Colophone, Large language models and the Danish labour market, Subject group: Labour and income, Released: 8 February 2024 08:00, No. 2024:2, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Fenja Søndergaard Møller, Telephone: +45 23 62 62 99

Analysis

Analyses: How big are Danish exports and who are our main trading partners?

In recent decades it has become more common to produce goods across national borders. Increasing globalisation challenges our understanding of what a country's exports encompass and what different statistical measures of exports show., Previously, different export statistics provided a fairly similar picture of Denmark’s exports and trading partners. However, an increasing proportion of Danish exported goods never crosses Danish borders, and that has resulted in increasing differences across the various export statistics. This analysis describes Danish exports and trading partners, based on the different export statistics., Main conclusions:, Danish exports in goods are largest when measured in Denmark’s balance of payments, where the sale of goods that have never crossed Danish borders are included as exports. Today, around a sixth of the total Danish export of goods takes place outside of Danish borders., Only goods which have crossed the Danish border are classified as exports in the international trade in goods statistics which implies that the export of goods appears lower here than in the balance of payments., Exports appear lowest when measured by Danish value added, as these calculations discount the value of the imports included in the production of the exported goods and services. Estimates from an Input-Output model in Statistics Denmark suggest that imported contents in exported goods and services constitute nearly half of the total value. , Regardless of the type of export statistics, Germany is Denmark’s most important export market., On the basis of goods which cross the Danish border, the US is Denmark’s sixth largest export market. When goods sold outside Denmark’s border are taken into account, the US is Denmark’s third largest export market., Looking at the final markets for the part of exports resulting from production in Denmark the US is the second largest export market as measured by Danish value added according to estimates in an OECD international Input-Output model., Get as pdf, How big are Danish exports and who are our main trading partners?, Colophone, How big are Danish exports and who are our main trading partners?, Subject group: Economy, Released: 5 March 2018 08:00, No. 2018:4, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Mads Møller Liedig, Telephone: +45 40 12 97 72

Analysis

Analyses: Few industrial groups contribute massively to Denmark's balance of payments surplus

For a long period, Denmark has had a surplus on the balance of payments. The manufacturing industry contributes massively to the balance of payments surplus because the sector has extensive net exports of goods. Danish industrial groups have increasingly become globally organised producing goods across borders., Accordingly, there is a close correlation between the manufacturing industry’s investments in foreign subsidiaries and Danish exports and investment income that impacts the balance of payments statistics., As part of the examination of the international organisation of industrial groups and their significance to the Danish economy, this analysis examines investments abroad and the groups’ total contribution to the balance of payments surplus in 2018. To illustrate the presence abroad, we apply a new approach to examine the ultimate destinations for the industrial groups’ investments., Main conclusions:, The contribution by just five large industrial groups to the balance of payments surplus corre­sponds nearly to the entire Danish balance of payments surplus in 2018., The industrial groups’ total contribution to the balance of payments was DKK 297 billion in 2018, which is almost twice the total balance of payments surplus., The surplus is driven by goods exports of which an increasing part never crosses the Danish border, because the goods are produced by subsidiaries abroad., Danish industrial groups have substantial investments in subsidiaries abroad. Complex group structures often lead to investments passing through several countries before they reach their final destinations., A new method for calculating ultimate hosting countries for the investments shows that par­ticularly investments in China and Russia are channelled through other countries., Get as pdf, Few industrial groups contribute massively to Denmark's balance of payments surplus, Colophone, Few industrial groups contribute massively to Denmark's balance of payments surplus, Subject group: Economy, Released: 17 February 2020 08:00, No. 2020:05, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Mads Møller Liedig, Telephone: +45 40 12 97 72

Analysis

Analyses: How the Danish consumption affects the world's natural resources

The Danish consumption taps into the natural resources - not just domestically, but in major parts of the world. Our planet's resources are not infinite, and the focus on sustainability and pressure on resources is increasing., This analysis takes a closer look at the use of natural resources in the Danish economy and presents the results of the first assessment of the Danish resource footprint. The resource footprint is an attempt to account for the resources extracted from nature both in Denmark and abroad for the goods and services used in the Danish economy., Main conclusions: , Danish imports in 2016 weighed 63m tonnes. However, the production of imported goods and services is associated with an additional intermediate consumption of 70m and 21m tonnes respectively, so that total imports accounted for a resource footprint of approximately 154m tonnes in 2016., The weight of the goods exported from Denmark in 2016 was 38m tonnes, but behind the production of this was a total extraction of 102m tonnes of raw materials in Denmark and abroad. Moreover, the production of services for export required 35m tonnes of raw materials., Denmark’s resource footprint per capita is considerably bigger than the EU average. Our consumption and investments etc. required extraction of 22 tonnes of raw materials per capita, whereas the EU average was 14 tonnes., The Danish resource footprint has grown since 2013, but is lower than in 2008. Especially the consumption of goods associated with non-metallic minerals, such as stone and gravel for the construction industry, has grown., Get as pdf, How the Danish consumption affects the world's natural resources, Colophone, How the Danish consumption affects the world's natural resources, Subject group: Environment and energy, Released: 14 February 2020 08:00, No. 2020:04, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Bogomil Emilov Iliev, Telephone:

Analysis

Press

Get an overview of analyses and publications from Statistics Denmark.

https://www.dst.dk/en/presse

Health and diseases

 on health-related population surveys as well as special analyses based on these surveys.

https://www.dst.dk/en/informationsservice/oss/sygdomme-og-diagnoser

Labour Force Survey (LFS)

Tailor-made analyses

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/metode/aku-arbejdskraftundersoegelsen

Documentation of statistics: Relocations (Discontinued)

Analyses has shown that internal migrations for the year of 2007 that 2½ pct. of the internal migrations of the year is not part of the actual publish year.

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/relocations--discontinued-

Documentation of statistics

Income

The Economic Council of the Labour Movement publishes analyses (in Danish) on

https://www.dst.dk/en/informationsservice/oss/indkomst