9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Target 9.5: Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies

Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending.

Go to target 9.a

Indicators

9.5.1: Research expenditure

9.5.2: Researchers

9.5.1

9.5.2

Research and Development costs in per cent of GDP

Unit: Per cent of GDP


	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024

Total	2.91	3.05	3.10	2.90	3.00	2.90	2.95	2.88	2.80	3.08	3.18

Enterprice	1.86	1.94	2.02	1.90	1.90	1.80	1.83	1.75	1.73	1.92	2.01

Public sector	1.06	1.12	1.08	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.12	1.13	1.07	1.16	1.18

The latest year is preliminary data.

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Definition

Expenditure on research and development is based on the statistics Business Enterprise Research and Development and Research and Development in the Public Sector. The statistics are collected annually by Statistics Denmark. Expenditure on research and development is shown in relation to GDP for the same years.

Last updated:

12-12-2025

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